Fusarium species and their mycotoxins in wheat grain

Abstract

Incidence of fungi and concentration of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZON) and fumonisin (FB1) were studied in the grain of the winter wheat collected subsequently after harvesting in 2010. In the analyzed samples the highest incidence was determined for the species of Fusarium (84.7%) genus, significantly lower incidence was determined for the species of genus Alternaria (12.35%), and especially for species of genera Acremoniella (2.05%), Acremonium (0.65%) and Penicillium (0.25%). F. graminearum (99.05%) was the most present species of Fusarium genus, whereas the following species F. sporotrichioides (0.4%), F. subglutinans (0.4%), F. poae (0.05%), F. proliferatum (0.05%) and F. verticillioides (0.05%) were only sporadic. The presence of DON, ZON and FB1 mycotoxins was established in all studied wheat samples. DON was detected in concentrations from 123 to 393 ?g kg-1 (average 214 ?g kg-1), ZON from 157.144 to 471.055 ?g kg-1 (average 299.934 ?g kg-1), and FB1 from 2.715 to 16.488 ?g kg-1 (average 6.286 ?g kg-1).Ucestalost gljiva i koncentracija mikotoksina deoksinivalenola (DON), zearalenona (ZON) i fumonizina (FB1) proucavana je u zrnu ozime psenice prikupljene neposredno nakon zetve u 2010. godini. U ispitivanim uzorcima najvecu zastupljenost imaju vrste iz roda Fusarium (84,7%), a znatno manje vrste iz roda Alternaria (12,35%), a posebno iz rodova Acremoniella (2,05%), Acremonium (0,65%) i Penicillium (0,25%). Od vrsta roda Fusarium najzastupljenija je vrsta F. graminearum (99,05%), dok su sporadicne vrste F. sporotrichioides (0,4%), F. subglutinans (0,4%), F. poae (0,05%), F. proliferatum (0,05%) i F. verticillioides (0,05%). Prisustvo mikotoksina DON, ZON i FB1 ustanovljeno je u svim ispitivanim uzorcima zrna psenice. DON je bio detektovan u koncentracijama od 123 do 393 ?g kg-1 (prosek 214 ?g kg-1), ZON od 157,144 do 471,055 ?g kg-1 (prosek 299,934 ?g kg-1) i FB1 od 2,715 do 16,488 ?g kg-1 (prosek 6,286 ?g kg-1). PR Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR-31023