Iterated Density Estimation with 2-opt local search for the vehicle routingproblem with private fleet and common carrier

Abstract

We describe a hybrid Iterated Density Estimation Evolutionary Algorithmwith 2-opt local search to determine the specific assignment of each tour to aprivate vehicle (internal fleet) or to an outside carrier (external fleet).Experimental results show that this method is effective, allowing the discoveryof new best solutions for some well-known benchmarks. © 2009 IEEE.