Oct-4 regulates alternative platelet-derived growth factor α receptor gene promoter in human embryonal carcinoma cells

Abstract

Expression of the platelet-derived growth factor α-receptor (PDGFαR) gene is tightly controlled in mammalian embryogenesis. A well established model system to study human embryogenesis is the embryonal carcinoma cell line Tera2. We have shown previously that retinoic acid-differentiated Tera2 cells express two PDGFαR transcripts of 6.4 kilobase pairs (kb) (encoding the full-length receptor) and 3.0 kb, respectively, whereas in contrast, undifferentiated Tera2 cells express PDFGαR transcripts of 1.5 kb and 5.0 kb. Here we show that this switch in PDGFαR expression pattern during differentiation of Tera2 cells results from alternative promoter use. In undifferentiated cells, a second promoter is used, which is located in intron 12 of the PDGFαR gene. Functional analysis shows that this promoter contains a consensus octamer motif, which can be bound by the POU domain transcription factor Oct-4. Oct-4 is expressed in undifferentiated Tera2 cells but not in retinoic acid-induced differentiated cells. Mutation of the octamer motif decreases promoter activity, while ectopic expression of Oct-4 in differentiated Tera2 cells specifically enhances the activity of this PDGFαR promoter. Therefore, we suggest that an important aspect in the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of human embryonal carcinoma cells results from Oct-4 expression, which thereupon activates this PDGFαR promoter.