Coal ash chance to supply rare Earth elements for present and future: An overview

Abstract

Generally, coal ash has been considered feasible as a source of Rare Earth Elements (REE). This means that the use of coal is significant as a guarantor of supply of REE. Identification of REE content in coal ash has been quite extensive, including some from Indonesian coal. While result of the identification is coal ash containing Nd, Ce, Y which is useful for the application of advanced technology, including permanent magnets for the electric vehicles industry. Such an effort will result in accomplishing the environmental friendly beneficiation of coal without generating the waste.