Acute kidney injury incidence following cardiac surgery: A risk factor analysis

Abstract

Background: Acute decline of renal function following cardiac surgery is a common and complex problem with an incidence of up to 30% in Europe and leading to increased mortality rate in immediate and long term. The aim of this study is to analyze risk factors regarding acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence following cardiac surgery. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Central General Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia. Serum creatinine level was measured to diagnose AKI. Hemoglobin level, blood transfusion, vasopressor, and inotropic needs before surgery were recorded. Hemodynamic parameters that included mean arterial pressure and heart rate were also recorded. Results: Of all 33 subjects who underwent adult cardiac surgery that included coronary artery bypass graft, heart valve, and congenital disease surgery, 21 (63.6%) patients had AKI and 12 (36.4%) patients did not. Several perioperative factor analyses between AKI and non-AKI group revealed that only age showed a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.047). Conclusion: Age is the most significant factor in AKI incidence following cardiac surgery. Further studies are required to analyze other perioperative factors that might induce AKI.