Ekologi Hindu dalam Teks Ādi Parwa

Abstract

Natural disasters that occur today are closely related to a decrease in environmental quality caused by human actions, the occurrence of disasters, bringing humans to further consequences. Therefore, humans must change their behavior and outlook on nature. To create a harmonious life between humans and their environment in Hinduism, it is called Tri Hita Karana. The Tri Hita Karana concept is a philosophy of life, it has a concept that can preserve cultural and environmental diversity amidst the impact of globalization and industrial progress. Ecology is the study of the relationship between organisms and their environment, both inorganic (abiotic) and organic (biotic) environments. In Hindu ecology there are 3 (three) dragons, namely Anantabhoga, Bāsuki, and Takṣaka. In the story of ipdiparwa, the dragon Anantabhoga was awarded by Bhaṭāra Brahmā for holding the earth. The three dragons are incarnations of the gods because seeing the state of living beings on earth is very miserable, then Lord Śiwa sent Lord Brahma to become the dragon Anantabhoga, Lord Wiṣṇu became the dragon Bāsuki, and Dewa Īśwara became the dragon Takṣaka. Anantabhoga’s dragon was in the ground, the head of the Bāsuki dragon became the sea and its tail became a mountain, while the winged Takṣaka dragon entered the sky. In the text of Śiwāgama it is mentioned that after this earth was created by Bhaṭāra Śiwa and Bhaṭāri Umā, at one time a disaster occurred, plants did not live well, water was not nutritious, and air caused illness. Therefore, Sanghyang Trimūrti came down to the world to help humans. Bhaṭāra Brahmā enters the ground and transforms into Anantabhoga’s dragon, Bhaṭāra Wiṣṇu plunges into the water, transforms into a Bāsuki dragon, and Bhaṭāra Iśwara enters into the air turning into a Takṣaka dragon.