Effect of short-term administration of garlic supplements on single-dose ritonavir pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers

Abstract

Aims: To evaluate the effect of acute dosing of garlic supplements on the single-dose pharmacokinetics of ritonavir. Methods: Ten healthy volunteers (five male, five female) were equally randomized in a crossover design to receive 400 mg of a single dose of ritonavir within 10 min after eating breakfast either alone or with 10 mg of Natural Source Odourless Garlic. They received a total of eight doses of garlic extract (2 × 5 mg capsules) taken twice daily for 4 days. Ritonavir and the seventh garlic dose were administered simultaneously. Results: Coadministration of garlic nonsignificantly decreased area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC(0,∞)) by -17% (90% confidence interval (CI), -31.% to 0%; range -46% to 68%) and peak plasma concentration of ritonavir by -1% (90% CI,-25% to 31%; range -51% to 136%). Conclusions: Acute dosing of the garlic capsules over 4 days did not significantly alter the single-dose pharmacokinetics of ritonavir in healthy volunteers. Given the complex effects of both ritonavir and garlic on drug metabolism, the results of our study should not be extrapolated to steady-state conditions, where the possibility of an interaction still needs to be evaluated.