Development of Special Reactive Disperse Dyes for the Coloration of Wool and Nylon-6 Fabrics in Supercritical CO2

Abstract

The global textile industry pollutes water significantly, primarily due to the harmful impact of dyeing processes. Researchers have explored different techniques to address this issue, such as utilizing supercritical fluid for dyeing. A new type of reactive disperse dyes has been developed by incorporating a transient anionic sulfatoethylsulfone group. The chemical structure was identified using spectral analysis, encompassing FT-IR, NMR, and elemental analysis. The dyeing process was performed on wool and nylon-6 using supercritical carbon dioxide. The dyed fabrics displayed deep hues and exceptional dye fixation. In the fastness experiments, significant findings were recorded for washing fastness (fading and staining grade of 4–5), rubbing fastness (wet and dry grade of 4–5), sweat (acidic and alkaline), and acceptable light fastness results for all the dyes. A significant improvement in antibacterial activity has been observed for both new dyes and dyed fabrics. The findings demonstrated that the suggested dyeing procedure is highly resistant to washing after five cycles.