Heavy Metals Exposure and Risk Assessment of Cooked Rice from the Field Near the old Dumpsite in Indonesia

Abstract

The lack of implementation of spatial planning and landfill site planning in several areas of Indonesia in the past has led to the case of the rice field directly bordering the open dumping site. High intensity of rainfall, leachate-contaminated irrigation, and the open dumping site with steep slopes create a high risk of rice pollution. This study aims to identify the concentrations and the exposure of heavy metals consist of Cr, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Pb in the cooked rice which is consumed by residents around the open dumping site, the rice, and the water using for rinse the rice. In this research, rice also compared between two zones which are upstream site zone and downstream site zone. Thus, applicable quality standards and analysis of estimated metal intake will be conducted. The results of this work demonstrate the heavy metals in the downstream zone concentrations are higher than the upstream zone. Besides, there are several samples whose exceeds the quality standard. Based on the test results obtained heavy metal concentrations in rice samples are higher than heavy metal concentrations in cooked rice. The higher Pb content in adult (Hazard Quotient value > 1) and Cd content in children (Excess Cancer Risk value > 10-4) suggest the risk of the health of the people near the site.