Investigation of the Field Performance of Progenies Obtained by a Non-vernalization-grafting Floral Induction Method in Terms of Application to Cabbage Breeding and Seed Production

Abstract

Floral induction by grafting without vernalization treatment (NV grafting method) has potential to shorten breeding times and to diversify the seed production of cabbage, an important leafy vegetable with a long and absolute low temperature exposure requirement for its floral induction. However, it is unknown whether the NV grafting method can be actually used for cabbage breeding and seed production. This is because the NV grafting method’s effect on the field performance of obtained progenies has not been investigated, as opposed to the conventional floral induction method by vernalization treatment. Therefore, in this study we compared the effects of two different floral induction methods on the agricultural traits of the obtained progenies. Two clonal lines of ‘Watanabe-seiko No.1’ cabbage were used for the experiment. In the two-year field experiment, we observed a consistent effect of clonal lines on vegetative growth; however, almost no effects of the floral induction methods on either vegetative or reproductive growth were observed. This was further supported by similar expression levels of FLOWERING LOCUS C homologs in the progenies at the young seedling stage. Pollen production and seed formation of the progenies were confirmed regardless of the floral induction method. In conclusion, cabbage seeds obtained by the NV grafting method are likely to show the same traits as those obtained by the conventional vernalization method. This indicates the direct applicability of this method to cabbage breeding and seed production.