Vitamin D suppresses inflammatory responses in insulin resistance

  • Kartika R
  • Wibowo H
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Abstract

Vitamin D has been known as a vitamin for bone health and mineral homeostasis. However, since the discovery of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in various types of cell, that statement has changed. Immune cells are known to express VDR and enzyme 1α-hydroxylase that could convert vitamin D into its active form, 1.25 dihydroxyvitamin D. In immune cells, vitamin D works as an immunomodulator which affects various levels of immune response. The net effects of vitamin D are increasing mucosal immunity, but dampening the adaptive immune system. Vitamin D deficiency is commonly found in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity. It is also associated with increased insulin resistance and poor glucose control. This review will explain how vitamin D as immunomodulator dampens insulin resistance. In immune cells from subjects with insulin resistance, administration of vitamin D could reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines through the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, thus the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 are decreased. The same thing happens in preadipocytes and mature adipocytes cells. In these cells, vitamin D suppresses the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and MCP-1. Although in the invitro studies, the administration of vitamin D showed a promising effect in modulating the immune system, the clinical effect of vitamin D supplementation in reducing insulin resistance in individuals with type 2 DM (T2DM) and prediabetes is still inconclusive ABSTRAK Vitamin D dikenal sebagai vitamin untuk kesehatan tulang dan homeostasis mineral. Namun, sejak ditemukannya reseptor vitamin D (VDR) di berbagai jenis sel, pernyataan itu telah berubah. Sel kekebalan dikenal untuk mengekspresikan VDR dan enzim 1α-hidroksilase yang dapat mengubah vitamin D menjadi bentuk aktifnya, 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D. Dalam sel kekebalan, vitamin D bekerja sebagai imunomodulator yang memengaruhi berbagai tingkat respons imun. Efek vitamin D itu sendiri adalah meningkatkan kekebalan mukosa, tetapi mengurangi system kekebalan adaptif. Kekurangan vitamin D umumnya ditemukan pada penderita diabetes melitus(DM) dan obesitas. Hal ini terkait dengan peningkatan resistensi insulin dan control glukosa yang buruk. Ulasan ini akan menjelaskan bagaimana vitamin D sebagai imuno modulator mengurangi resistensi insulin. Dalam sel imun dari subyek dengan resistensi insulin, pemberian vitamin D dapat mengurangi ekspresi sitokin proinflamasi melalui jalur NF-κB dan MAPK, sehingga tingkat sitokin proinflamasi seperti TNFα, IL-1β, dan IL-6 menurun. Hal yang sama terjadi dengan sel preadiposit dan adiposit matang. Dalam sel ini, vitamin D menekan ekspresi mediator proinflamasi seperti IL-6 dan MCP-1. Meskipun dalam penelitian invitro, pemberian vitamin D menunjukkan efek yang menjanjikan dalam memodulasi system kekebalan, efek klinis suplementasi vitamin D dalam mengurangi resistensi insulin padapasien DM tipe 2 dan pradiabetes masih belum dapat disimpulkan. brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk provided by Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala ilmu Kedokteran)

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APA

Kartika, R., & Wibowo, H. (2020). Vitamin D suppresses inflammatory responses in insulin resistance. Journal of Thee Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran), 52(02). https://doi.org/10.19106/jmedsci005202202009

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