Analisis Akses Pembiayaan Formal Petani Cabai Merah Di Kabupaten Garut

Abstract

Akses pembiayaan merupakan kunci keberlanjutan usahatani cabai merah di Kabupaten Garut karena fluktuasi harga dan kebutuhan modal yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi petani mengakses pembiayaan formal. Studi dilakukan di Kecamatan Cikajang pada Februari hingga Mei 2025 dengan pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan metode survei terhadap 108 petani yang dipilih secara acak dari 5 desa sentra produksi cabai merah. Data dianalisis dengan deskriptif statistik dan analisis korelasi Rank Spearman untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan antara karakteristik petani (usia, pendidikan, pengalaman usahatani, dan luas lahan) dengan akses pembiayaan formal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya beberapa petani yang mempunyai akses kredit formal, sedangkan mayoritas petani tidak. Petani yang mengakses pembiayaan formal masih minoritas. Akses petani cabai merah terhadap pembiayaan formal dipengaruhi oleh faktor usia.Access to formal financing is key to the sustainability of red chili farming in the Garut District due to price fluctuations and high capital requirements. This study aims to assess the level of access of red chili farmers to formal financing and identify its supporting factors. The study was conducted in Kecamatan Cikajang from February to May 2025 with a quantitative approach using a survey of 108 randomly selected farmers from five production center villages. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics to explore the relationship between farmer characteristics (age, education, farming experience, land size) and access to formal financing. The results showed that only 11.1% of farmers successfully accessed formal credit, while 88.9% did not access formal financing. Frequency analysis and significance tests revealed no significant relationship between demographic variables and access to finance, with the main barriers being complex procedures, low financial literacy, and weak farmer institutions. The study recommends increasing financial literacy programs, simplifying credit procedures, and strengthening farmer group institutions to expand financial inclusion in the horticulture sector.Keywords: Access to Finance, Red Chili Farming, Garut, Formal Financing