Factores sociodemográficos y nutricionales asociados a anemia en niños de 1 a 5 años en Perú

Abstract

Purpose: Determine the sociodemographic and nutritional factors associated with anemia in children aged 1 to 5 years in Peru according to the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Methods: To determine the possible so-ciodemographic and nutritional factors associated with anemia, a sub-analysis of the DHS 2017 was carried out, taking into account a 95% confidence interval and considering the complexity of survey parameters. Relative frequencies were described in univariate analysis. For biva-riate analysis, the chi-square test was used for categorical variables and Student t-test for continuous variables. For the multivariable analysis, a crude and an adjusted Poisson regression was done with backward method for variable selection. Main results: Independently associated factors were low wealth (aPR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.0-1.4), no degree or primary education level of the mother (aPR: 1.25; 95%CI: 1.0-1.5), mother’s age under 19 years (aPR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.1-1.7), not delivering in a health facility (aPR: 1.24; 95%CI: 1.1-1.5), no consumption of antiparasitic drugs (aPR: 1.13; 95%CI: 1.0-1.3) and living at greater than or equal to 4000 meters above sea level (aPR: 1.45; 95%CI: 1.2-1.8). Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia in children aged 1 to 5 years in 2017 was moderate. There are sociodemographic and nutritional factors associated with this condition.