First record of a male of Kryptolebias Hermaphroditus Costa, 2011 (Cyprinodontiformes: Cynolebiidae)

Abstract

During an ichthyological survey in September 2015 at the Ceará-Mirim River estuary, Rio Grande do Norte State, northeastern Brazil, we collected a male of Kryptolebias hermaphroditus, a cynolebiid species that had been previously described as containing exclusively self-fertilizing hermaphrodites. This is the first record of a male in this species, over 140 years after the discovery of the mangrove rivulid species from Brazil. Our discovery reinforces the need for more studies in K. hermaphroditus, as well as the potential of this species as a model for evolutionary studies due to its unique mating system.