Effects of BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, and methanol extraction residue in the reduction of mortality from Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans infections in immunosuppressed mice

Abstract

An immunosuppressed mouse model was devised to test the effects of immunopotentiators on the prevention of bacterial and fungal infections. The effects of BCG and Corynebacterium were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans infection. The effect of methanol extraction residue (MER-BCG) was tested against S. aureus septicemia. CDF1 mice were given various doses of BCG, 1.0 mg of C. parvum, or 0.5 mg of MER intraperitoneally at varying intervals before injection of an intravenous bacterial challenge. Four days before challenge, 300 mg of cyclophosphamide per ml was given intraperitoneally. BCG (106 colony forming units) reduced mortality due to S. aureus at pretreatment intervals of 3,7,14, and 28 days. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide treatment eliminated the protective effect of the live BCG. C. parvum was as effective as BCG against S. aureus septicemia when given 3 days before infection, but lost most of its protective effect after that time. MER protected at doses as small as 0.25 mg when given 25 days prior to challenge. Both BCG and C. parvum exerted a protective effect against Candida albicans infection.