Risk Factors, Etiology and Treatment Modalities for Localized Alveolar Ischemia (The So-called Alveolar Osteitis): A Comprehensive Critical

Abstract

Dry socket is a typically common post-odontectomy complication. Although blood clot disintegration is known to be the cause of the condition due to fibrinolysis, the exact pathogenesis of the clot loss is still poorly understood, and agreement is lacking regarding the relative merits of various treatment methods. The aim of the current review therefore was to perform a comprehensive critical review after qualitatively analyzing a large body of the literature in order to provide the practitioners with a more thorough insight for pathogenicity, risk factors and treatment. In the current review, and in regards with risk factors; age, surgical trauma, smoking, oral contraceptives and poor oral hygiene seemed to be a major risk factors. In the treatment domain, Ozone based therapies were considered the most effective curative treatments followed by curettage. With regard to palliation, the most effective treatments were local anaesthetics, Zinc oxide eugenol after saline irrigation and. Although healers group provided a better healing promotion, but that does not necessitate a relevance with pain relief. To conclude, I hypothesize that ischemia causes the blood clot loss, and I propose renaming the condition “localized alveolar ischemia”.