Emulating Synaptic Events and Nociceptor via Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Threshold Switching Memristor

Abstract

As artificial intelligence technology continuously advances, a growing number of bio-mimetic advanced electronic systems are rapidly emerging and being applied in various fields, including humanoid robots and tactile sensors. To effectively address progressively complex tasks and challenging work environments, integrating synaptic and nociceptive functions within a single device is crucial for enhancing the ability to perceive changes and respond accordingly to the external environment. Here, an organic–inorganic perovskite memristor that exhibits excellent volatile performance (ON/OFF ratio ≈102, endurance > 104 cycles) is presented. The device effectively replicates typical synaptic functions, encompassing short- and long-term plasticity. Moreover, due to the switching delay characteristics, essential biological nociceptive features such as threshold, no adaptation, and sensitization are also demonstrated. Further, the perovskite artificial nociceptor is successfully integrated into a thermal nociceptive system. Overall, the fusion of synaptic and nociceptive behaviors paves the way for developing more efficient and versatile systems that can mimic intricate biological processes associated with sensory perception and pain sensation.