Development and Validation of Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for Ultra-processed Food Consumption among Adults in Malaysia: A protocol study

Abstract

This study aims to develop and validate a food frequency questionnaire for ultra-processed food (FFQ-UPF) among Malaysian adults and will utilise a cross-sectional study design. Ultra-processed food items will be identified from the subjects’ three days 24-hour dietary recalls and a primary ultraprocessed food checklist. Frequency options and portion sizes will be determined from the literature review. Expert panels will validate the items’ validity and relevancy and the newly developed FFQ-UPF will be pilot tested to the target population. It will also be validated against three days of 24-hour diet recall and will be retested two weeks after criterion validation.