Co-optimization of active power curtailment, load shedding and spinning reserve deficits through hybrid approach: Comparison of electrochemical storage technologies

Abstract

Under the constraints of fossil-fuel reserves depletion and climate change, the expansion of intermittent renewable generation creates a lot of power integration issues which undeniably disturb the overall system stability. Optimally planned, electricity storage systems are capable of managing the variability and uncertainty of renewable energy sources, guaranteeing power balance and ensuring feasible and economical operation. Here, the outcomes derived by a Genetic algorithm-driven priority list approach is provided, which effectively quantifies the impact of intermittent renewable energy sources on total production cost and the benefits of electricity storage. The experimental evaluation on three benchmark scenarios shows that cost improvements exist in terms of thermal generation improvement, lower renewable generation curtailment and load shedding avoidance cost. Zinc-air battery offers the highest net present value at relatively low PV penetration levels. Increased penetration levels favour Li-ion batteries followed by Pb-acid and Vanadium-redox flow batteries. In general, the viability of each storage device depends on the renewable penetration level, promoting the technologies with lower capital costs at limited shares, whereas at higher contribution frameworks systems with higher performance features become preferable.