Intrarater and interrater reliability of first metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion: goniometry versus visual estimation

Abstract

Visual estimation (VE) and goniometric measurement (GM) are commonly used to assess first metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion. The purposes of this study were to determine the intrarater and interrater reliability of VE and GM and to establish whether reliability was influenced by the experience of the examiner.