Exploring Cryoglobulinemia's Clinical Odyssey: A Case Series

Abstract

Cryoglobulinemia (CG) encompasses disorders in which immunoglobulins precipitate at low temperatures. According to Brouet's classification, Type I CG is linked to plasma cell disorders, while mixed CG (Types II and III) is associated with autoimmune conditions, infections (notably hepatitis C virus [HCV]), and lymphoproliferative disorders. Each type presents distinct symptoms, with Type I often causing severe vasomotor symptoms and Types II and III involving systemic features like purpura, Raynaud's phenomenon, and renal involvement. This case series presents three CG cases, illustrating diverse etiologies and presentations. Case 1 discusses CG in metastatic colon cancer with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, highlighting infection‐triggered CG. Case 2 covers HCV‐related mixed CG, emphasizing antiviral therapy's role. Case 3 describes a CG flare after rituximab therapy, managed with steroids. These cases emphasize a multidisciplinary approach and individualized management to address CG's complexity and improve patient outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration : The authors have confirmed clinical trial registration is not needed for this submission.