Stability analysis in Wheat: An application of additive main effects and multiplicative interaction

Abstract

Genotype-environment interaction and stability performance were investigated on morphological, yield and yield attributing traits in three environments. The AMMI analysis showed that maturity, morphological, yield, and yield attributing traits were highly influenced by genotype, environment and genotype-environment (GE) interaction. Environment had the largest contribution to the total sum of squares indicating that the environments (location and season) selected for this study were highly diverse, and this was consequently the main effect contributing most variation for these traits. The Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) biplot for yield clearly indicated that the Genotypes G2, G4 and G3 showed higher yield above the grand mean yield but it is less stable than G1 which was closed to zero of Interactive Principal Component Analaysis (IPCA) score with low yield. Distribution of genotypes in the AMMI II biplot revealed that G1 scattered close to the origin and this indicated that this genotype showed minimal interaction with environments. On the other hand, genotypes G2, G3, G4, and G7 were located away from the origin, hence were more responsive to different environmental conditions and are considered as specifically adapted genotypes. The high yielding environments classified according to the AMMI 1 model is E2, while the lower yielding environments are E1 and E3. All the genotypes (with IPCA 1 “+”) except G1 were categorized under favorable environments with above-average means, whereas genotype G1 which lies on the origin of biplot contributed lowest to the GE interaction. The lowest yielding environment (E3) had the minimum IPCA 1 and led to zero interaction, whereas the low and high yielding environments, that is, E2 (with IPCA 1 “+”) and E1 (with IPCA 1 “-”), tended to contribute highest to the GE interaction.\r\r\t \r\r\tKey words: Adaptability, stability analysis, multiplicative interaction, wheat.