Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in Children: A Literature Review of Current Treatments

Abstract

Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are among the most concerning drug reactions affecting adults and children. Although the overall mortality has reduced substantially after the introduction of several strategies, such as prompt withdrawal of the causal drug and management of the patients in an intensive care or burn unit, these conditions continue to be associated with severe complications and a mortality rate of 1–4%. Currently, several treatment options including systemic corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, cyclosporine, tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors, and plasmapheresis among others, have shown inconclusive benefits regarding their efficacy and safety in patients with these conditions. This review analyses the most recent literature regarding treatment options for paediatric patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.