Study of Bushing Formation in the Process of Joining Thin-Walled Metals and Fiber-Reinforced Composites Using Thermal Drilling †

Abstract

This study addresses the issue of adapting the thermal drilling process for joining dissimilar thin-walled materials—sheets made of non-ferrous metal alloys and polymer composites with a thermoplastic matrix reinforced with glass and carbon fibers—without the use of connecting elements and without disrupting the continuity of the reinforcing fibers. An extensive metallographic study was conducted on bushings formed in thin metal sheets made of EN AW 6082 T6 aluminum alloy and AZ91 magnesium alloy obtained during separate drilling procedures. Experiments were also performed where the metal sheet and composite material overlapped, using both direct and sequential drilling above the melting point of the polymer matrix, applying various process parameters. The dimensions of the resulting bushings and the suitability of their profile for joining with composites were evaluated. The results suggest the possibility of joining metals and fiber composites through thermal drilling, and suitable joining process parameters and conditions are specified. To limit composite delamination, it is advisable to make a hem flange on the reverse side of the joints. CT scans confirmed the deflection of fibers around the hole in the composite without compromising their integrity. The load-bearing capacity of the joints and the possibility of creating hybrid mechanical–adhesive joints between these materials are the subject of Part Two of this study.