4-nitramino-3,5-dinitropyrazole-based energetic salts

Abstract

4-Nitramino-3,5-dinitropyrazole was prepared and stabilized through the formation of its ammonium salt. With selected cations, 14 nitrogen-rich energetic salts were synthesized in high yield by metathesis reactions. These salts were fully characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Additionally, the structures of the ammonium, 3,4,5-triaminotriazolium, and biguanidinium salts were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Based on experimental and calculated values, the 4-nitramino-3,5-dinitropyrazolate salts show properties, such as decomposition temperatures (115-229°C), detonation pressures (23.27-37.42 GPa) and velocities (7713-9013 ms -1), and impact sensitivities (5-40 J) that place them with energetics such as RDX and TATB. High energy density materials: Hydroxylammonium (P: 37.42 GPa; vD: 9013 ms -1) and hydrazinium (P: 33.84 GPa; vD: 8917 ms -1) 4-nitramino-3,5- dinitropyrazolates show detonation properties comparable to RDX (P: 35.17 GPa; vD: 8977 ms -1). The hydroxylammonium salt has an impact sensitivity approaching that of triaminotrinitrobenzene. Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.