The role of phosphorus in eutrophication

Abstract

Eutrophication is an increase in the biological productivity of water basins resulting from the accumulation of biogenic elements under the influence of anthropogenic factors. Natural eutrophication is a slow and inevitable process. Artifical eutrophica-tion is caused by human activity and it can be very rapid, especially in technologically developed countries. Eutrophication does not represent a mere change of water but a change in the metabolism of the entire ecosystem and hence a change of the ecosystem itself. In Serbia and Montenegro, all factors are present that promote eutrophication in both still (especially in lowland areas) and running waters. This paper deals with the results of eutrophication monitoring and prognostication for the DTD canal network and major rivers and lakes in Serbia, including a special review of the trophic status of lakes in the country's main lowland region, the Vojvodina Province. As phosphorus concentration is an important factor in the process of eutrophication of a body of water, the study has devoted particular attention to the control of this element.Eutrofikacija je povecanje bioloske produktivnosti vodenih basena, a nastaje kao posledica sakupljanja biogenih elemenata pod dejstvom antropogenih faktora. Prirodna eutrofikacija je veoma spora i ne moze se zaustaviti. Vestacka eutrofikacija je izazvana covekovim delovanjem i moze biti veoma brza posebno u zemljama sa razvijenom tehnologijom. Pojava eutrofikacije nije neka prosta promena vode, nego promena metabolizma citavog ekosistema, a rezultat toga je promena i samog ekosistema. U nasoj zemlji su, takodje prisutni svi oni atributi koji pospesuju eutrofikaciju stajacih voda, posebno u ravnicarskim reonima, ali i tekucih voda. Otuda se u radu iznose rezultati monitoringa i prognoze eutrofikacije za kanal DTD i vece reke i jezera, sa posebnim osvrtom na parametre troficnosti jezera u ravnicarskom delu Srbije - Vojvodini. Kako je koncentracija fosfora u vodama znacajan faktor eutrofikacije, otuda je i posebna paznja posvecena kontroli ovog elementa. Na bazi parametara troficnosti vode u akumulacijama i jezerima u Vojvodini (tab. 5), kvalitet vode u pracenom periodu jako se pogorsao, sa tendencijom dalje eutrofikacije, te se moraju preduzeti mere zastite jer ce u protivnom voda biti neupotrebljiva za namene za koje je projektovana.