Lysophosphatidylcholine attenuates the cytotoxic effects of the antineoplastic phospholipid 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine

Abstract

A colony-stimulating factor 1-dependent cell line was used to determine the relationship between the inhibition of phospholipid synthesis and the cytotoxic activity of the antineoplastic ether lipid, 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OCH3). ET-18-OCH3 inhibited choline incorporation into phosphatidylcholine as well as total phospholipid synthesis. Exposure to ET-18-OCH3 at the G1/S boundary led to the accumulation of cells in G2, whereas the addition of ET-18-OCH3 in the G1 phase of the cell cycle prevented entry into the S phase. In both cases, ET-18-OCH3 treatment triggered DNA fragmentation and morphological changes associated with apoptosis within 10 h. The addition of lysophosphatidylcholine provided an exogenous source of cellular phospholipid and prevented ET-18-OCH3-dependent accumulation of cells in G2 and apoptosis. However, lysophosphatidylcholine did not overcome the ET-18-OCH3-dependent G1 block, although the growth-arrested cells remained viable. These data indicate that restoring phosphatidylcholine synthesis by supplementation with lysophosphatidylcholine overrides the cytotoxic but not the cytostatic activity of ET-18-OCH.