Redefining the significance of aneuploidy in the prognostic assessment of colorectal cancer

Abstract

The aberrant content of DNA, or aneuploidy, is a hallmark of tumor cells and may be associated with malignant potential. Based on the hypothesis that aneuploidy, as a form of genetic instability, results in an increased capability to generate cell heterogeneity, we investigated whether a comprehensive assessment of aneuploidy extent and degree might be a reliable indicator of tumor aggressiveness. DNA content was determined by flow cytometry in the infiltrating front of 131 p.-e. primary colorectal carcinomas collected in a prospective design. Enrichment of tumor cells by sample microdissection resulted in neoplastic cell contents above 75%. An estimate of aneuploidy, the aneuploidy index (Al), was calculated as the tumor DNA content adjusted by the percentage of diploid and aneuploid cells in G0/G1. Thirty-nine tumors were diploid, 90 hyperdiploid, and 2 hypodiploid. The mean Al in aneuploid tumors was 1.20 ± 0.17 and correlated with Dukes' stage and metastasis (p < 0.05). A high Al (receiver operating characteristic curve cutoff value greater than 1.14) predicted a poorer outcome in univariate (p = 0.004) and multivariate (p = 0.01) analyses. Based on these results, we postulate that aneuploidy is the molecular engine of progression in a subset of colorectal cancers, in which the Al seems to be a sensible and independent gauge of malignant potential. The Al determination may have prognostic application in colorectal cancer, especially in low-grade tumors, which might benefit from coadjuvant therapies.