Literature Review on Concept of Tafakkur in Islamic Mysticism

Abstract

Tafakkur is an act of thinking, contemplating, reflecting, training and tadabbur that encompass human’s mind, heart and spiritual. Thus, this study was conducted to further elaborate on tafakkur by realizing three selected objectives. Which is, explaining the consept of tafakkur, explaining the concept of tafakkur according to Islamic scholars and identifying the concept of tafakkur practiced by the Sufis. The methodology of this study is a library study to collect information, data and theories involved. Then, the data were analyzed by using content analysis method. The results of the study found that the practice of tafakkur produces individuals who are enlightened (Ūlu al-Bāb), have a strong hold to a knowledge, not easily influenced by others and able to see the wisdom behind a test. The practice of tafakkur also benefits the body and the soul of the practitioner plus to the community surrounding. In addition, the practice of tafakkur have become routine worship to Sufis members then accompanied by other tasawwuf elements. For example, element of `uzlah, suluk, khulwah, dhikir, riyāḍah and murāqabah so that the tafakkur practice is more complete and effective. The ultimate goal of tafakkur practice is to know Allah SWT with the ultimate knowledge through the concept of al-Fanā`, al-Baqā`and Ma`rifah Allāh.