Closed-loop blood glucose control for type 1 diabetes

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a specific form of diabetes wherein the immune system destroys insulin-producing β cells until complete inability to secrete insulin. Patients with T1D require insulin therapy to maintain blood glucose levels within the desired range, although this is often difficult to achieve. To reduce the burden of the insulin therapy, closed-loop blood glucose control methods have been studied. In this review, we first introduce some important mathematical models of glucose-insulin metabolism, followed by some representative blood glucose control systems developed to date and discuss their implications in the near future.