High-Performance Perovskite-Based Tandem Solar Cells: Recent Advancement, Challenges, and Steps toward Industrialization

Abstract

As a result of an ongoing global dedication, metal-halide perovskite (PVSK) has proven to be a promising substitute among other developed materials for next-generation photovoltaic cells due to significantly high efficiency, economical reasons, environmentally friendly processing, and bandgap alterations. In just 12 years, PVSK-based single cells have achieved an efficiency of 26.1%, reaching single-crystal silicon solar cells at 27.6% and silicon heterostructure solar cells at 26.8%. PVSK-based tandem cells also have achieved remarkable attention as a viable candidate for future-generation photovoltaic technology. Currently, a considerable number of reports are documented as evidence of the efforts to integrate the wide-bandgap PVSK either with itself (narrow-bandgap PVSK ([NBG-PVSK]) or other traditional (NBG) cells, including silicon (Si), copper–indium–gallium–selenide, organic solar cells, cadmium telluride (CdTe), and dye-sensitized. Thanks to the substantial growth made in the advances of PVSK-based tandem cells both in the laboratories and in the commercialization sector, this review will systematically elucidate the emergence of PVSK-based cells, their current status, and applications in tandem configurations. Furthermore, this survey will cover the analysis of different strategies and efforts to achieve cutting-edge photovoltaic technology. Finally, the commercialization of different PVSK-based tandem technologies and their prospects are analyzed.