Rechargeable batteries for transport and grid applications: Current status and challenges

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries are poised to make a significant impact on the electrification of transport and may also play a role for some power regulation/storage applications on the electric grid. In this article, we describe some of the applications where these batteries are either already being or are about to be used. The components that make up a lithium-ion battery are outlined along with the causes of capacity fade and safety issues. Current battery chemistries are then surveyed along with the factors that control possible scenarios to increase energy densities on both a volumetric and mass basis.