Effective utilization of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles for sequestering methylene blue dye from pharmaceutical industry

Abstract

In order to improve the removal of methylene blue dye from water, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized utilizing Annona squamosa leaf extract as a green reducing agent. Particle size analysis (PSA), FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, and EDX) were among the methods used to characterize the ZnO NPs. Following batch adsorption tests, the effectiveness of these nanoparticles in removing dye was evaluated. Many factors were carefully examined, including pH, temperature, initial dye focus, and adsorbent dosage. The outcomes demonstrated a strong agreement between the second-order kinetics of the process of adsorption and the Langmuir isotherm model. The process is exothermic, according to thermodynamic study, which also estimated important parameters like ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG°. The dye removal effectiveness reached up to 99% under ideal conditions, which included a contact period of 60 minutes, an adsorbent dosage of 0.1 g, an initial dye concentration of 80 ppm, and a pH of 8.0. Consequently, the produced ZnO NPs show great promise as an efficient adsorbent for removing methylene blue dye, especially when it comes to treating pharmaceutical wastewater.