Comparison of the protein adsorption selectivity of salt-promoted agarose-based adsorbents: Hydrophobic, thiophilic and electron donor-acceptor adsorbents

Abstract

Protein adsorption of human serum onto six different agarose-based chromatographic gels that were representative of the salt-promoted adsorbent family [octyl]- and phenyl-Sepharose, mercaptoethanol-divinyl sulfone agarose (T gel), mercaptomethylene pyridine-derivatized agarose gel (MP gel), tricyanoamino-propene-divinyl sulfone agarose (DVS-TCP gel), tricyanoamino- propene-bisoxirane agarose (bisoxirane-TCP gel)] was studied in the presence of moderate or high concentrations of the water structuring salt, sodium sulfate. Study of the protein adsorption selectivity by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed an opposed selectivity for hydrophobic interaction adsorbents and electron donor-acceptor adsorbents. The T gel, MP gel and TCP gels belonged to the electron donor-acceptor adsorbents, displaying a main selectivity for immunoglobulins, whereas octyl-Sepharose belonged to the hydrophobic adsorbents, displaying a main selectivity for 'hydrophobic' proteins. Phenyl-Sepharose for its part was described as an example of a composite selectivity of both families. The conclusion of this work is two- fold: (1) hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) and electron donor- acceptor chromatography (EDAC) have opposed protein selectivities and are both salt-promoted. As a main consequence, it means that high concentrations of a water-structuring salt can promote different types of weak molecular interactions, resulting in different protein adsorption selectivities: (2) thiophilic adsorption chromatography (TAC) should be renamed EDAC as similar protein selectivity is demonstrated for electron donor-acceptor ligand devoid of sulfur atoms.