Tendencia de la mortalidad por cáncer en Argentina, Cuba y Uruguay en un período de 15 años

Abstract

Introduction Cancer is the second cause of death in Argentina, Cuba and Uruguay during the last decade, cancer mortality has shown a decrease trend in developed countries. Objective To describe mortality trends over time by cancer site in Argentina, Cuba and Uruguay during 1990-2005. Methods For each cancer site, country and gender, age-group specific and standardised (overall) rates were calculated by direct method (using the world standard population). The jointpoint regression analysis was used to identify the best-fitting points were a statistically significant change in the trend occurred and annual percent change was also estimated. Results Total cancer mortality rates decline during the whole period excepting for Cuba. Lung: a negative tendency was observed in men in Argentina and Uruguay (annual percent change: -2.25 and -1.28 % respectively), and increased in women (annual percent change: 1,75, 2,83 and 3,02) in Argentina, Uruguay and Cuba respectively. Breast: Negative trends were observed in the three countries. Prostate: it is the second cause of mortality in men in Cuba and Uruguay, and third in Argentina. A negative change in the tendency was observed from 1993 (Cuba) and 1998 (Argentina). Colon/recto: Decreasing rates were shown in Argentina in both sexes whereas not changes were noted in Cuba and Uruguay. Esophagus: Negative trends were detected in Argentina and Uruguay. Uterus: in the three countries mortality for Uterus non-specified was similar to cervix, diminishing for Argentina and Uruguay, while increased in Cuba. Body of uterus mortality diminished in Argentina. Conclusions Mortality trends in Cuba indicate an increasing for the tobacco related-cancer. Enhancing quality of death certification could mask a negative tendency of the mortality for cervix cancer. Negative trends in prostate cancer might be view from the impact of advances in diagnosis and treatment.