Consequences of PPAR invalidation on glutathione synthesis: Interactions with dietary fatty acids

Abstract

Glutathione (GSH) derives from cysteine and plays a key role in redox status. GSH synthesis is determined mainly by cysteine availability and -glutamate cysteine ligase (γGCL) activity. Because PPAR activation is known to control the metabolism of certain amino acids, GSH synthesis from cysteine and related metabolisms were explored in wild-type (WT) and PPAR-null (KO) mice, fed diets containing either saturated (COCO diet) or 18:3 n-3, LIN diet. In mice fed the COCO diet, but not in those fed the LIN diet, PPAR deficiency enhanced hepatic GSH content and γGCL activity, superoxide dismutase 2 mRNA levels, and plasma uric acid concentration, suggesting an oxidative stress. In addition, in WT mice, the LIN diet increased the hepatic GSH pool, without effect on γGCL activity, or change in target gene expression, which rules out a direct effect of PPAR. This suggests that dietary 18:3 n-3 may regulate GSH metabolism and thus mitigate the deleterious effects of PPAR deficiency on redox status, without direct PPAR activation. © 2011 Najoua Guelzim et al.