Deregulation reforms, resource reallocation and aggregate productivity growth in the Australian dairy industry

Abstract

Deregulation reforms in the Australian dairy industry had long-lasting repercussions for Australian agriculture and the wider Australian economy. Using farm-level data from 1979 to 2013, we investigate the effect of these reforms on productivity in the Australian dairy industry which arose from correcting resource misallocation between farms and across segregated state milk markets. Our results demonstrate that after the dairy reforms in 2000, relative market share shifted from less productive farms to more productive ones, and between farms using different production systems – generating additional productivity gains for the farm sector, but imposing some costs on downstream manufacturers by strengthening the seasonality of milk supply. Lessons from the Australian experience provide timely guidance for those countries exploring deregulation now or in the future to improve the industry-level agricultural productivity growth through facilitating resource reallocation from less efficient to more efficient farms.