Cluster centroid-based energy efficient routing protocol for WSN-assisted IoT

Abstract

Wireless sensor network is highly resource constrained, where energy efficiency and network lifetime plays a major role for its sustenance. As the sensor nodes are battery operated and deployed in hostile environments, either recharging or replacement of batteries in sensor nodes is not possible after its deployment in inaccessible areas. In such condition, energy is the vital factor for the survival of sensor node in the sensing field. In order to increase the network lifetime and balance the energy consumption, robust routing protocols are required. The proposed network routing has three phases: 1. Network initiation phase to create a zone which enables the communication among local nodes 2. Zone co-ordinator selection phase algorithm to form zone cluster and its re-election procedure and 3. Zone head selection with its replacement phase based on energy centroid positional information and distance to the basestation to distribute load equally among zone co-ordinators, local sensor nodes. The data path between zone heads and basestation is distance centric and is optimized at one hop and dual hop levels to avoid data packet loss at zoneheads. Each zone is designed to own atmost ¼ rth of deployed sensor node count through uniform random deployment. Simulations results when basestation is placed inside sensing field indicates that the proposed network algorithm outperforms when benchmarked against similar protocols like conventional LEACH, Traditional PEGASIS, existing PRRP, ES3 protocols in terms of performance metrics like Network energy consumption, Average energy consumed by sensor node, Packet delivery ratio, Packet loss percentage and Network throughput.