EVOLUTION OF DESIGN STUDIO: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

Abstract

Architectural education has a long history, starting with the transmission of knowledge through masters and apprentices. The Académie Royale d'Architecture was established in Paris in the late 17th century but closed in 1793 due to a revolt against the monarchy. The school was re-established in 1816 under the name "École des Beaux Arts" after the monarchy was restored. Industrial design emerged after the Industrial Revolution and peaked with the Bauhaus school in Weimar, Germany in 1919. Modern design education has evolved from the design studio or atelier of the Beaux-Arts and the Bauhaus philosophy in Germany. Post-1968, "theoretical practice" became institutionalised. Technological developments and environmental concerns have driven major changes in higher education since 1995, moving from traditional physical campuses to virtual classrooms. Design education is most influenced by the Internet, which disrupted global design education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The integration of technology and a more collaborative, globalised approach to education will continue to reshape architectural training, equipping future architects to address the complex challenges of the 21st century.