Carbazole electroactive amorphous molecular material: Molecular design, synthesis, characterization and application in perovskite solar cells

Abstract

In perovskite photovoltaics (PSCs), the role of the hole transporting material (HTM) is highly important as it significantly influents to the global device's performance and stability. Hole transporter ensures the extraction of hole at the perovskite/HTM interface and transport it towards the cathode. Thus, accurate molecular design affording to efficient and cost-effective HTM is of major interest. Small molecules having glass forming property is an attractive class as it can form morphologically stable thin film. Herein, a carbazole molecular glass bearing a polymerizable function was designed and synthetized. Its characteristics are suitable for application as HTM in PSCs. The preliminary photovoltaic application lead to device efficiency of 14%-15% depending on the chemical composition of the perovskite employed. These promising results open the way to design new alternative molecular and polymeric HTMs suitable for solution processed hybrid solar cells.