Effects of climatic drivers on the genetic divergence of Juglans regia L. across districts Dir and Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Abstract

District Dir and Swat of Pakistan has a rich walnut genotypes that were arisen from the population of naturally grown seedlings. In this study, the genetic divergence of 44 walnut genotypes adapted to the Northern region of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan was analysed by 18 SSR molecular markers. Gene number of district Dir observed from 122 to 133 whereas in the district Swat it was observed from 125 to 133. Contents of GC in district Dir ranges from 34.20 to 38.80 whereas in the district Swat it ranges from 34.1 to 38.9. Length of coding regions of gene at district Dir ranges from 77,915 to 77,982 bp whereas in district Swat it ranges from 77,905 to 77,978 bp. In addition, the coding number in district Dir ranged from 82,311 to 82,387 whereas in district Swat it ranged from 82,323 to 82,386. GC (%), length of genome, LSC length, IR length, protein number, SSC length, tRNA, rRNA remains similar in the genome of plastids. The results of this study might provides the molecular markers for future mapping studies for important traits of walnuts.