Retrospective Analysis of Second Stage of Cesarean Section and Pregnancy Outcomes: An Observational Study

Abstract

Background: A cesarean section (CS) at second stage occurs when mother requires delivery at full dilatation of cervix, which poses a risk to mother and the fetus. In the present obstetric practice, one of the huge challenges is to make a firm decision regarding CS during the second stage of labor periods. The present study was done for the retrospective analysis in regard to second stage in terms to the CS along with its association with the pregnancy outcomes. Materials and methods: It was an observational and retrospective study that depended on some clinical records related to more than 37 weeks’ gestation. The neonatal as well as maternal outcomes have been evaluated for CS among those who were observing the second stage in their labor period. Dichotomous variables were compared to that of the χ2 test, and the Mann–Whitney U test was applied to analyze differences in continuous variables. Results: The most common indications for the cesarean category was arrest in the second stage of their labor (56.1%), and the most common technique of delivery of engaged head was modified Patwardhan method (28.3%). The most common intraoperative complications reported was extension of uterine incision (16.0%), and postoperative complications were febrile illness (14.1%). The neonatal complications that required NICU admission were birth asphyxia (16%), meconium aspiration (14.1%), neonatal jaundice (4.7%), respiratory distress syndrome (11.3%), and fresh stillbirth (5.6%). Conclusion: CS’s that have been performed during the second stage of the labor period reflect to be a very undesirable phenomenon which is linked to the maternal as well as fetal complications.