Ligaments stabilizing the sacrum and sacroiliac joint: a comprehensive review

Abstract

The sacroiliac joint is a diarthrodial synovial joint in the pelvis. Anatomically, it is described as a symphysis, its synovial joint characteristics being limited to the distal cartilaginous portion on the iliac side. It is a continuous ligamentous stocking comprising interconnecting ligamentous structures and surrounding fascia. Its ligaments, the primary source of its stability, include the anterior, interosseous and dorsal sacroiliac, the iliolumbar, sacrotuberous, and sacrospinous. Structural reinforcement is also provided by neighboring fascia and muscles. Lower back pain is a common presentation of sacroiliac joint disease, the best-established treatments being corticosteroid injections, bipolar radiofrequency ablation, and sacroiliac joint fusion.