Conflito social e movimento estudantil no Chile

  • de la Cuadra F
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Abstract

O presente artigo busca refletir sobre a forma como o governo chileno de Michelle Bachelet reagiu ao conflito desencadeado pelos estudantes secundaristas a partir de abril de 2006. Além de avaliar as reivindicações estudantis, pretendemos compreender o posicionamento expressado por alguns setores do governo e da sociedade política diante da emergência do conflito social. Propomos uma interpretação da atual experiência chilena e latino-americana a partir daquilo que chamamos de "hipergovernabilidade", quer dizer, um empenho excessivo em manter a governabilidade através da "solução antecipada" das demandas da sociedade. A análise das mobilizações estudantis respalda nosso argumento a respeito do temor que existe diante do conflito social, e da desmedida preocupação do Estado com a paz e a coesão social.Cet article est une réflexion sur la réaction du gouvernement chilien de Michelle Bachelet au conflit déclenché par les lycéens depuis avril 2006. On examine les revendications des étudiants, mais surtout on essaie de comprendre la position de quelques secteurs du gouvernement et de la société politique devant l'émergence du conflit social. On propose une interprétation de l'expérience vécue par le Chili et l'Amérique Latine à partir de ce qu'on appelle l'"hypergouvernabilité", c'est à dire, le souci excessif de maintenir la gouvernabilité par la "solution anticipée" des demandes de la société. L'analyse des mobilisations des étudiants soutient l'argument de l'existence de la peur du conflit social e d'un souci démésuré de la part de l'Etat de maintenir la paix et la cohésion sociale.The following article is a statement about the way Chilean government reacted to the conflict raised by high school students practically along the whole first year of Bachelet's administration. Aside from trying to outline the causes which would be behind the erratic answer given by the authorities, the study intends to understand the position held by some of the sectors in government along with the political society in regard to the uprising of the social conflict. We think it is pertinent to build a new concept taking into account the Chilean and Latin-American experience. This concept is referred to what we call "hypergovernability", in other words, an excessive attachment to maintain governability by means of "anticipated solutions" of social demands. The current analysis of the various student movements indicates a fear, almost panic, in regard to social conflict, and a disproportionate concern of the State with peace and social cohesion.

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APA

de la Cuadra, F. (2008). Conflito social e movimento estudantil no Chile. Estudos Históricos (Rio de Janeiro), 21(42), 173–194. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-21862008000200004

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