Identification of a highly stable bioactive 3-hydroxyproline-containing tripeptide in human blood after collagen hydrolysate ingestion

Abstract

There are increasing reports demonstrating high bioavailability of 4-hydroxyproline (4Hyp)-containing oligopeptides after oral ingestion of collagen hydrolysate and their bioactivity. In contrast, no study investigates the fate of another collagen-specific but minor amino acid, 3Hyp. Here, we identified Gly-3Hyp-4Hyp tripeptide in human blood at high concentrations, comparable to other 4Hyp-containing oligopeptides, after ingesting porcine skin collagen hydrolysate. Additionally, Gly-3Hyp-4Hyp uniquely maintained the maximum concentration until 4 h after the ingestion due to its exceptionally high resistance to peptidase/protease demonstrated by incubation with mouse plasma. In mice, oral administration of collagen hydrolysate prepared from bovine tendon, which contains a higher amount of 3Hyp, further increased blood Gly-3Hyp-4Hyp levels compared to that from bovine skin. Furthermore, Gly-3Hyp-4Hyp showed chemotactic activity on skin fibroblasts and promoted osteoblast differentiation. These results highlight the specific nature of the Gly-3Hyp-4Hyp tripeptide and its potential for health promotion and disease treatment.