A closed formula for the Horadam polynomials in terms of a tridiagonal determinant

Abstract

In this paper, the authors present a closed formula for the Horadam polynomials in terms of a tridiagonal determinant and, as applications of the newly-established closed formula for the Horadam polynomials, derive closed formulas for the generalized Fibonacci polynomials, the Lucas polynomials, the Pell-Lucas polynomials, and the Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind in terms of tridiagonal determinants.