Epidemiological study of orofacial clefts among population of eastern Slovakia during the period 1996–2013

Abstract

Background and Aim: Over the past 18 years, according to data from the Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, L. Pasteur University Hospital, there have been 493 cases of orofacial clefts (OC) reported in the area of Eastern Slovakia. The aim of this study was to map the occurrence of orofacial clefts reported in the area of Eastern Slovakia during the years 1996–2013. Also, we compared the occurrence of different types of clefts between the groups in relation to gender and ethnicity. Methods and Results: The statistical analysis shows relationship between variables of location and gender and gender differences in the occurrence of various types of clefts. Moreover, in comparison with another study which analyzed the years 1985–2000 (1.29/103 live births), there was an increase in the incidence (1.42/103 live births) of OC in Eastern Slovakia. Conclusion: Our findings seem contradictive to similar studies which discuss ethnic differences in relation to OC. We recognize the relatively high occurrence of OC in Eastern Slovakia, and we link this phenomenon to several extrinsic factors, in particular socioeconomic status and embryotoxic factors.