Jurisprudential Reliance on Astronomical Calculations in Determining the Beginnings of the Hijri month

Abstract

Determining the start of the Hijri month through astronomical calculations not only merges Islamic tradition with modern science but also governs religious events for global Muslims. Traditionally, the commencement of each month was heralded by the sighting of the crescent moon, but the advent of technological advancements has ignited debates regarding the utilization of scientific calculations for lunar month initiation. These astronomical calculations entail intricate computations of the moon's phases and angles, employing algorithms to pinpoint the start of each lunar month, a proposition purportedly aligned with Islamic principles. Despite this, controversy ensues, with traditionalists underscoring the historical and spiritual significance of moon sighting, which has long fostered unity among believers. This ongoing debate reflects broader discussions on the integration of science and tradition within the Islamic world, posing a formidable challenge in striking a balance between religious customs and scientific progress. Nevertheless, continuous dialogues aim to forge a harmonious coexistence between religious scholars and scientists, seeking to reconcile faith and reason in determining significant Islamic calendar events. Consequently, this paper emphasizes the precedence of visual sighting over astronomical calculations in confirming the start of lunar months, stressing the imperative of combining astronomical calculations with visual confirmation. Moreover, it advocates for the permissible use of optical aids such as telescopes for observing the crescent moon's birth, treating sightings through such devices as equivalent to naked-eye observations.