Prevention and Management of Bleeding Episodes in Patients with Acquired Hemophilia A

Abstract

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies inhibiting the function of coagulation factor VIII. It is characterized by spontaneous bleeding in patients with no previous family or personal history of bleeding. Although several large registries have collected clinical data on AHA, limited information is available on the optimal management of AHA because controlled clinical trials are lacking. AHA can easily be diagnosed if the problem (prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time in a bleeding patient) is recognized. After the effects of anticoagulants are excluded, low factor VIII activity and the detection of circulating inhibitors confirms the diagnosis. However, lack of familiarity with this rare condition may delay diagnosis and adequate therapy. Treatment of AHA is based on measures for prompt hemostatic control to stop (and prevent) bleeding, immunosuppression to eradicate the autoantibodies, and supportive care for the adverse effects of that treatment and patients’ often complex comorbidities. This article gives a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge about the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of AHA.