Assessment of Pre-existing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence and Risk Factors Among Colorectal Cancer Patients in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancer are recognized as non-communicable chronic disorders which are among the top ten causes of death globally. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of type 2 DM (T2DM) and colorectal cancer (CRC) is alarmingly high. Both T2DM and CRC share common risk factors. In this study, we aim to assess the prevalence of pre-existing T2DM among CRC Saudi patients. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from the medical records of 275 Saudi adult patients with CRC from 2009 to 2018 at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah (KAMC-J). RESULTS: Participants had a mean age of 57.0 years, standard deviation (SD) of 13.0, and were mostly males (60.00%) and Saudi (100.0%). Participants had a mean BMI of 26.42 (7.35) kg/m(2). The prevalence of pre-existing T2DM in this study was 40.80%. 15.8% of participants were overweight and obese (BMI>30), respectively. The average age of diabetics and non-diabetics was 63.6 (10.64) and 52.73 (12.43), respectively. Diabetic patients are significantly older than non-diabetic patients (p<0.001). The average BMI for diabetics was 26.96 (7.26) kg/m(2), whereas the average BMI for non-diabetics was 25.93 (7.48) kg/m(2). No significant differences were found between the two groups. CONCLUSION: This study provides new insight into the high prevalence of pre-existing T2DM in CRC patients in Saudi Arabia. In particular, the age of diagnosis of CRC in diabetic patients was significantly higher than in non-diabetics.